Confucianism and Taoism Essay - 982 Words

Confucianism and Daoism are two influential schools of thoughts that have existed in ancient China around the 6th century BCE. The former, led by the politician and philosopher Confucius, proposed that humans live in society according to a set of predefined rules and that they transform society through political action. Whereas the latter, led by the philosopher Lao-Tzu, promoted the idea of inaction; people should go with the flow instead of taking action to control their lives and dominate their surroundings. Although, at first glance Daoism and Confucianism seem to be two opposing philosophies, a more in depth analysis of two of their key ideas –filial piety and education—reveals that they do share some similarities. Both Confucianism†¦show more content†¦If natural filial piety were expressed in the family from the very beginning, conflict would have no means to arise. Thus, filial piety exists naturally and so should it be expressed. Confucius also recognizes that filial piety should be expressed naturally. According to Confucius, being filial to our parents is the utmost expression of respect. This is an essential element in obtaining the title of Chun-Tzu, or noble person. However, filial piety is not a one-way street. Parents are also filial to their children and to their parents. Both parent and child have a natural position and responsibility within the family; therefore natural filial piety is reciprocal. It is through recognizing and practicing filial piety in the family that a person will know how to act outside of the family. For in the Confucian tradition, it is realized that filial piety also exists between all beings. This is evident in the Confucian Golden Rule: Never do to others what you would not like them to do to you† (Book XV). As in Taoist thought, filial piety is something that naturally exists and is reciprocal in nature. To force filial piety into being or to intentionally practice re ciprocal filial piety would be going against its true nature. Filial piety must be freely and naturally expressed for it to be truly realized. When we look at the deeper meaning of filial piety as viewed fromShow MoreRelatedConfucianism : Taoism, Confucianism, And Confucianism1156 Words   |  5 PagesRaymond Cho EALC 350 October 29, 2014 Professor Birge Which philosophy: Taoism, Confucianism, or Legalism would be best in your opinion for maintaining a peaceful society? Why? Perhaps there is no single philosophy that can create a truly peaceful society. The conundrum of choosing a philosophy to embody a peaceful society is rather complicated, as the ideologies of the philosophies often differ greatly from their real world application. Debates over ideologies can create global scale problemsRead MoreConfucianism, Taoism, And Confucianism1277 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophies: Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism. These beliefs helped shape Chinese culture as well as Chinese history. Not only did people believe in these ideas, but the three helped to govern the mighty Chinese dynasties. These dynasties all provided an impact to each doctrine; the philosophy that had the greatest impact was legalism because it ended the Warring States Period, provided structure, and strengthened agriculture, and the military of China. Although Confucianism, Taoism and LegalismRead MoreTaoism And Confucianism978 Words   |  4 Pagesreligions, Taoism and Confucianism. The se two roles played a big part during this time to get things back in order. The difference between both religions is how they believed the structure should be. Taoism was not into much of the government. They believe the least the government the better. Lao-tzu who is the founder of Taoism is known for saying â€Å"Govern a great nation as you would cook a small fish† – do not overdo it (p. 180). By doing so, they will live a simple quiet life. In Confucianism, theirRead MoreTaoism, Confucianism, And Buddhism Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesTaoism is a religious, philosophical and ritual tradition originating in around the 3rd or 4th century. I plan to pursue how the religion was affected by the culture in which it arose. Specifically focusing on the fact that there are no real deities in Taoism. How Taoism, or Daoism, was shaped and influenced by Chinese culture, as well as presenting how Daoism has formed and prospered in Chinese civilization with both Confucianism and Buddhism as an influence. The teachings of the Dao De Jin, orRead MoreConfucianism Vs Taoism1378 Words   |  6 Pages Confucianism and Taoism are some of the major religions in China. They have greatly influenced the culture of the Chinese people as well as their world view. The connection between the two religions has influenced many people over time. It can also be said that when the principles of both philosophies are put together, the outcome is a well-rounded person. The following is a discussion of the principles and philosophies behind these two religions as well as how the two religions interact and connectRead MoreConfucianism, Taoism, And Buddhism1604 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction There were numerous religions that were rehearsed among the general population of central Asia back in the early second and third hundreds of years and forward. Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism were among the principle three religions rehearsed then. Buddhism has been around since 273 B.C. It started out in India and went into central Asia and proceeded into Korea and Japan getting to be one of the actual religions in all of imperative China. By the ninth century, 9-tenths of theRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Taoism and Confucianism1153 Words   |  5 PagesConfucianism and Taoism have contrasting views on both religion and politics. However, they stem from a similar goal and have similar beliefs. Confucianism is mainly centered around virtue and ethics as a means to an ordered society and believes that an ordered society is what people should strive for. Taoism, on the other hand, focuses on the individual life in relation to the Tao, or way of nature. Both are considered phi losophies and not religions and acknowledge a path that a person shouldRead MoreConfucianism, Taoism, And Buddhism1771 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction There were numerous religions that were rehearsed among the general population of central Asia back in the early second and third hundreds of years and forward. Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism were among the principle three religions rehearsed then. Buddhism has been around since 273 B.C. It began in India and went into central Asia and proceeded into Korea and Japan getting to be one of the real religions in all of central China. By the ninth century nine-tenths of the populaceRead MoreSimilarities Between Confucianism And Taoism902 Words   |  4 PagesThe religions, Confucianism and Taoism, both originate from indigenous Chinese beliefs and practices. Although they come from the same area in the world, they have several differences alongside their similarities. Additionally, they both are influenced by the Tao; however, they have different meanings behind the concept. Taoism can be summed up as appreciating all that is natural; whereas Confucianism is ideal society model cre ated through a lifetime of relationship dedication. Neither of theseRead MoreEssay on Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism1038 Words   |  5 PagesConfucianism, Taoism and Buddhism constitute the essence of the traditional Chinese culture. The relationship among the three has been marked by both competition and complementation in history, with Confucianism playing a more dominant role. Confucianism emphasized a reiteration of current moral values and Taoism developed a system of based upon a harmonization of man with the natural order. These two popular philosophies, however, developed into popular religions eventually. Besides the major religions

Reasons for the Increase in Housing Profits in India Free Essays

Reasons for the Increase in Housing Profits in India 3y josalonso The recent global economic recession has generated many problems worldwide, such as increased unemployment, lack of consumer confidence and reductions in salaries and wages. in India, Delhi and Mumbai are among nine cities which have seen marginal increase in house prices in the July-September quarter with Kochi topping the chart, a latest National Housing Bank (NHB) survey showed on Friday. Prices in Delhi rose 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons for the Increase in Housing Profits in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8% from the previous quarter while Mumbai posted an increase of 0. %. Kochi recorded the sharpest rise with a increase in the September quarter. Low interest rates, the amount borrowers paid to lenders for the ability to use the money, would cause a shift in demand, the skill and Willingness to consume a commodity, below (Figure I, D to 01). This iS because consumers are inspired to borrow extra, that would lead to increased spending. Consequently, the equilibrium should move from A to S, emerging in an increase in price(P to P I) and an increase in demand. Furthermore, low Interest rates should lead to lower mortgage repayments, hence ermitting homecuners, normally predicted to vend their residences during a recession, to no longer doing so. An inwards shift In the supply ot homes would be caused(below). the skill and willingness to furnish a cornmodlty, as less proprietors select to vend their houses. changing the equilibrium. the worth should rise from PO to Pt. Overall. the change in worth (PO to P2) should number to 3. 8% it was predicted that after there is a development in attention rates in the upcoming month . he housing marketplace could experience little falls in average price. This is because as attention rates rise. there is a higher tendency to save than spend. Thus. the demand would shifts inwards Also. homecaners could favor to vend their houses because of higher mortgages, making the supply move outwards . A upcoming rise in attention rates could alter desperate stakeholders in assorted ways, Those who have elevated mor tgage repayments could vend their residences and pursue to find smaller and cheaper housing, Consequently, the demand for small residences could rise, as emand for larger residences could decrease. The article presents the soon housing Will fall more This iS upheld by the anticipation Of higher attention rates. Also, because customer assurance iS IOW’ due to the globe commercial recession, after supply catches up alongside demand, it could be said that the benefits will not go any further. Hence, an economists should say that it is most probable that the benefits will fall. In supply, the rise of worth added tax In January back to the preceding rate of 17. 6 , should cause there to be an Increase In employment to compensate for the higher prices. Thus, less customers should be able and keen to buy new residences and demand should drop, leading to The article states the reasons for why India houseing profits increased by 3. 8%. In conclusion, the article is precise in its Justification, the prices of housing in india has to reach the equilibrium point or els falls will continue to occur. As well as the government would need to implement price floors or celaings. How to cite Reasons for the Increase in Housing Profits in India, Papers

You Already Know the Answer free essay sample

So, I finally figured it out. I was worried for a while that I wouldnt. I mean, isnt it a rule or something that by junior year you have to have a goal in life? The more people I saw who knew exactly what they wanted from life, the more convinced I became that my dream was ducking around a shadowy corner every time I thought I caught a glimpse of it. Yup, I thought I was on my way to the dreaded undecided box when the rest of my life came up and shook my hand. Everybody told me long before I had the revelation myself. Youre gonna be a band director, arent you, theyd say in a way that was always more of a statement than a question. I would just shrug and throw out a Who knows? Who does know? Sure, I love music, but there are so many things out there! How could I possibly nail myself down to one thing? Thats what I would say when people pursued the topic. We will write a custom essay sample on You Already Know the Answer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But for me this was a dangerous way of thinking. I knew deep down that music was what I loved more than anything, but, for whatever reason, I would try to convince myself otherwise. Its a condition Ive come to realize is applicable to virtually all aspects of life: so often we know with certainty which paths are meant for us, yet be it out of a fear of failure or even success (its more common than you think) we wean ourselves from them and settle for a cheap imitation. Its a nasty condition that Im certain all too many suffer from. Had it not been for the slap in the face I received this summer, who knows, I might have been one of them. But I wont, because I realized what I love. I love high-school band. That has never been in question. Every day since the first one I have been reminded a hundred different ways why I love band. So why was it so hard for me to figure out that Im supposed to be a band director? I mean, come on! Why didnt I see it sooner? I didnt see it because I hadnt seen it from all angles yet. This past summer I got a new perspective. It was my third band camp as drum major, but this year was different because I was in charge of teaching marching fundamentals. And I loved it. I loved being able to teach (and learn) along with the students. I loved seeing them go from aimless wandering musicians to marching machines accompanied by the feeling of knowing I had something to do with it. I ran those four hours in the morning like it was my own band. I held nothing back. I put everything I knew on the table. And then I realized why I was doing it because I wanted everyone to experience band the way I did, to love it as I did and to have the same feelings I got when the band took the field. It was about sharing my love of music and creating an opportunity for others to experience it. Thats when I knew what I was going to do for the rest of my life. And in retrospect, I knew it all along. It was my doubt that held me back: What if I cant get a good job? What if I dont make much money? Forget that. If you love it, make it happen. Thats what I decided. I just couldnt live with that empty feeling of settling for a secure, lucrative occupation while knowing theres something out there I could be doing and loving. So, Ive promised myself that I will never settle. We all know the answers to our questions, but often were too scared to raise our hand and scream it to the world. Emerson once said that We but half express ourselves and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of us represents. Absolutely right on. Weve got to recognize those divine ideas that we know are part of us and scream them to the world. And you know, I may not care for what you say, but if youre confident enough to scream it, I promise Ill always listen.

Truth Essay Example For Students

Truth Essay The question of right and wrong has been battled over for centuries. Many conservatives still believe that truth is absolute, while others disagree, saying that truth is relative. I believe that truth is an individuals perception of beliefs and decisions. For that reason, truth differentiates among individuals thorough their contrasting opinions. But, truth is something that everyone believes to be correct. Thus, it greatly depends on whats true in the minds of the people. On the contrary, truth thats spoken with bad intent is considered to be worse than a lie. Hence, truth is an expression, symbol or statement that corresponds to reality and happiness. Truth is dominated by ones subjective thoughts and beliefs. It is a concept thats created by man, and therefore can never have any absolutes. And if a concept such as the truth has no absolutes, it becomes subjective based upon your perceptions of it. However, an individuals experiences, thoughts and beliefs shape their perception of truth. Truth is timeless, abstract and unchanging ideals based on the individual. All truth is subjected to an individuals opinion. We will write a custom essay on Truth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It is based on persons perspective on society and developed by their past experiences. Similarly, subjective truth deals with what is in the persons mind. Also could mean the opinion of a person of certain objects. A subjective truth is an idea which may be important to me but not to you. For example, I decide that killing, under any circumstance, is wrong, but you decide that killing to protect yourself is ok. The idea that killing is wrong is upheld by both of us, but your truth and mine are different, subject to our opinions on the idea. Nevertheless, I also consider truth to be absolute, and therefore, it is never right to do wrong. Truth is the purity that differentiates between right and wrong. Absolute Truth is true regardless of what we believe and think. Absolute truth stands on its own. In the sense, absolute truth is absolutely true no matter what evidence there is for it. Truth is what corresponds to the facts. Truth does not change just because we learn something about it. Also, truth is not always good to say. If the objective of telling the truth is to hurt someone, then it is considered to be inferior to a most terrible lie. For that reason, while speaking the truth we should keep in mind that it doesnt hurt someone elses feelings or relations. The problem we face is that, we feel the urge to tell the truth when we see it. But, we should try to accomplish this without disapproving condemnations that hurt others. So when we freely express harsh judgment of another, we are in fact talking about those negative qualities of ourselves that trouble us the most. Likewise, care should be taken that truth thats spoken for self-satisfaction does not impair someone elses life. Similarly, we should always bear in mind that at times lie can also be beneficial to say if, it brings happiness to others. Hence, if the truth is spoken with the purpose of destruction of something or someone then its considered to be more awful then a major lie. With this is mind; we can conclude that truth is a representation of actuality and contentment. Also, rather than truth, the lies have always been more accepted and believed in our world. But, people consider truth that everyone believes to be true. Thus, for that reason, truth is greatly dependent on subjective of ones opinion.

Shaving Snow essays

Shaving Snow essays *HTML**FONT SIZE=3 PTSIZE=10* Often, two different stories have very much in common. Two authors with completely *BR* different styles often write very similar stories. Tobias Wolffs Powder and Leslie Norris *BR* Shaving have many similarities. They are comparable in their themes, plot and relationships.*BR* The best example of a theme that "Shaving" and "Powder" share, is that change is necessary *BR* for a more mature and happy life. In Shaving," Barry has a rite of passage that is forced upon him. *BR* Due to his dad's failing health, Barry has to shave him because he is too weak to do it himself. This rite *BR* of passage makes Barry a mature individual because not only does he learn to take care of his father, but he learns that he will *BR* be able to survive as the man of the household when his father is not there anymore. The author *BR* says about Barry, "Not long ago they had been small bare hands, not very long ago (123)." This helps *BR* the reader realize that the change is occuring as he reads. In Powder," the little boy started off *BR* as an obsessive neat freak who grew very nervous at any time in which something bad could *BR* happen. At the end of the story, the boy learned how to enjoy himself in the face of danger. *BR* He thinks to himself, " I knew we'd get caught; I was resigned to it. And maybe for this reason *BR* I stopped moping and began to enjoy myself. (304)" This change helps make the boy realize that he *BR* will have more fun in life if he is more daring. Because of similar themes, these two stories *BR* These two stories are very similar in their plot. Both stories have to do with a son*BR* spending time with his father. In Shaving, Barry spends time with his father*BR* when he helps him shave. Barry knows that there could be little time left in his*BR* ...

Aesthetic Attitude Is A Myth Philosophy Essay

Aesthetic Attitude Is A Myth Philosophy Essay In ‘The Myth of the Aesthetic Attitude’, George Dickie argues that the notion of the aesthetic attitude is a myth and attempts to argue against all forms of the idea. Whilst there are other compelling theories concerning the existence of the aesthetic attitude, he presents a strong case against it, arguing that all attempts to precisely describe such an attitude fail. His argument focuses on the notions of the aesthetic attitude proposed by Bullough and Stolnitz, which I will outline in this essay. Initially, Dickie considers Edward Bullough’s theory of psychical distance. Bullough suggests that in order to obtain an aesthetic attitude and judge an object aesthetically, the subject must distance themselves from that object and separate â€Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the object and its appeal from one’s own self, by putting it out of gear with practical needs and ends.†Ã‚   [ 1 ]   In doing so, Bullough says that â€Å"contemplation of the object becomes al one possible†Ã‚   [ 2 ]   and you are no longer directly involved with the object. Bullough illustrates his idea using his fog at sea example, where he describes how unpleasant and dangerous the fog might seem to a person, but also how beautiful the fog is. Bullough thinks that it is the aesthetic attitude which enables one’s view of the fog to change through a â€Å"transformation by distance†Ã‚   [ 3 ]   as the fog is allowed to â€Å"stand outside the context of our personal needs and ends† and one can look at it objectively. For Bullough, only the right amount of distance enables the aesthetic attitude to be employed and he discusses â€Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦cases in which people are unable to bring off an act of distancing or are incapable of being induced into a state of being distanced.†Ã‚   [ 4 ]   Bullough’s example of â€Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the jealous husband at a performance of Othello†Ã‚   [ 5 ]   unable to concentrate a s he is thinking of his own wife’s suspicious behaviour demonstrates being under-distanced as the subject is too emotionally involved with the play. Similarly, a light technician working on the play might be over-distanced as he is preoccupied with the lights and missing any emotional involvement with the play itself. Dickie may undermine Bullough’s concept of distance here as he questions whether one can deliberately distance oneself or whether one can be induced into a â€Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦consciousness denoted by being distanced.†Ã‚   [ 6 ]   Dickie undermines the concept of distance here – suggesting that there is no such experience as being distanced – and so undermines Bullough’s theory. Furthermore, Dickie criticises Bullough’s use of new terms referring to distance, as he thinks to introduce these terms â€Å"does nothing but send us chasing after phantom acts and states of consciousness.†Ã‚   [ 7 ]   Dickie infers that â€Å"there is no identifiable psychological experience of being distanced†Ã‚   [ 8 ]   and so no value in Bullough’s idea of distance. Furthermore he suggests that being under or over-distanced is simply being more or less focused on something and just â€Å"two different cases of inattention.†Ã‚   [ 9 ]   Therefore, being distanced means just focusing one’s attention on something and is not a new â€Å"kind of act†Ã‚   [ 10 ]   or special â€Å"state of consciousness†Ã‚   [ 11 ]   .

International Marketing of Tata Nano Electric Car into Japan PowerPoint Presentation

International Marketing of Tata Nano Electric Car into Japan - PowerPoint Presentation Example This report also raises some questions that need to be answered prior to launching Tata Nano in Pakistan. These include whether it would be beneficial to retain the current positioning strategy of Tata of the worlds most economical car in a country like Pakistan where the psychology of the target market is very brand oriented. Likewise, will Tata Nano be able to match prices currently being provided by the current manufacturers' after adding up the custom duty and other expenses Will Tata be able to launch a CNG variant of the nano to suit the needs of the Pakistani market in a better way This report aims to give a detailed insight and provides recommendations as to how to achieve success. Moreover, the plan consists of first launching the product in a test marketing campaign and after success only, a full fledged marketing plan is proposed. Tata Nano is a star product of the Tata group.It was one of the most talked about cars at the Detroit1 show and instigated a debate on how well it would be received in the international markets. With the target of manufacturing more than 1 million cars every year, it can be expected that Tata would be eyeing foreign markets. There is no business market as lucrative as Pakistan for the neighboring Indian Companies, for the reasons of cost saving due to proximity, relatively similar environmental and economic conditions and same language making operations easier. Product Launch -Tata Nano The target market of Tata Nano is the middle class of Pakistan with the income range: PKR 25000 lower middle class PKR 50000 middle-middle class and PKR 75000 and above (upper Middle Class) Niche Marketing or Mass Marketing We propose to launch Tata Nano in Pakistan. Initially we would proceed with a test launch and if the product picks up in the local market we may opt for either starting manufacturing in Pakistan or having offices and having agents and dealers take care of the sales of this region. So even though we will be targeting the masses but initially it would be a small scale launch due to tough competitive situation. Present Market Situation Since the year 2001, Pakistan's military regime under president Musharraf vowed to bring about economic reforms. This new growth strategy was stimulated by the easier credit policies of Banking Sector and for a decade car financing was made very easy. This led to a very high road & traffic density, and manufacturers like Pak Suzuki claim to manufacture a 100,000 vehicles in the year 2007 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS Pak Suzuki is the single most preferred brand of locally manufactured cars and suits the lower middle and middle -middle class income groups. Their most popular brands are Suzuki Mehran & Suzuki Alto VXR Chevrolet, Cherry QQ, Adam Revo (locally manufactured), Nisan March, Toyota Duet also have occupied their own niches in this market. PRESENT MARKET SCENARIO According to Pakistan & Gulf economist, Even in these tough market conditions, July 2008, the total sales of cars was 7,418 units Last year, in the same period a record 12,438 units were sold. Sale & Production Statistics according to Pakistan Automobile Manufacturers Association http://www.pama.org.pk/productionjuly2004.htm Market Share Calculated on Cumulative Sales for

La haine ( French Film) COMENTARY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

La haine ( French Film) COMENTARY - Essay Example This paper will analyse a scene from this movie and describe why the particular scene has considerable significance in the film. The scene analysed here takes place in 9.3 to 10.10 minutes of the film. Scene Analysis The three young friends; Vinz (Vincent Cassel), Hubert (Hubert Kounde), and Said (Said Taghmaoui), are the major characters in this movie. Among the three friends, Vinz is a Jewish and a character filled with rage. He keeps heroic notions of a gangster in his mind and therefore he tries to attain respect by killing a cop. In a scene, Vinz tries to impersonate the character ‘Travis Bickle’ played by Robert De Niro for the movie ‘Taxi Driver’. Vinz imitates Travis Bickle in front of a mirror and asks, â€Å"You talking to me?† Then he points his fingers like a gun and shoots. This imitation cannot be considered as just a sudden emotional expression because he repeats the ‘gun firing imitation’ twice during the film. I do believ e that this scene is of great importance in the movie for several reasons. First, this scene plays a crucial role demonstrating the character of Vinz. As mentioned already, he perceives himself as a gangster and tries to win respect through violence. In fact, Vinz is not such a heartless person but his worse life experiences have filled him with rage. As he is not involved in any gangster group, he tries to adopt the characteristics of an underworld hero and to transform himself into a cruel-minded person. He deliberately attempts to bring maximum brutality into his eyes while imitating the character played by Robert De Niro. Vinz has a gun and he is looking for an opportunity to kill a cop and thereby win respect among his friends. Hence, this impersonation can be considered as a preparation for his future actions. However, Vinz is scared of doing actions that he believed to be helpful to win respect as a gangster. To illustrate, in a scene, some anti-immigrant skinheads assault Vi nz’s friends Said and Hubert cruelly. Vinz rushes to the spot and brings an end to the fight by pointing his gun toward the skinheads. Although Vinz got one of them at his gun point, he becomes reluctant to execute his dream and finally Vinz allows the skinhead to flee. This incident later forces him to accept the fact that he cannot be a heartless gangster as he dreamed. Referring to this scene, it is clear that Vinz deliberately impersonates Travis Bickle so as to convince himself that he has the courage to kill someone. In other words, he tries to convince himself that killing someone is not such a difficult task and to make certain that the deed looks so cool. The beauty of this film is that it is shot in black and white. In fact, it reminds the viewer of the fact that instead of sharing the colours of life, Kassovitz clearly wanted to show the hard realities of life; black and white, or the contrast between virtue and vice. According to some reviews, the decision to show the film in black and white has even deeper meaning (La Haine, n.d.). In fact, the film was first shot in colour and then converted to black and white. As Siciliano (2007) points out, this black and white portrayal indicates the colourless life of people in France as a result of the relentless repression and suppression they faced from the French state (Loshitzky 2010). Yet another view point about the colourlessness, according to Siciliano (2007) is that the black and white portrayal helps understand the eeriness and dreariness surrounding the

Images of Black Christian Leaders Essay Example for Free

Images of Black Christian Leaders Essay African and Christian in the names of our denominations denote that we are always concerned for the well-being of economically and politically exploited persons, for gaining or regaining a sense of our own worth, and for determining our own future. We must never invest with institutions that perpetuate racism. Our churches work for the change of all processes which prevent our members who are victims of racism from participating fully in civic and governmental structures. † (Satterwhite, 1999) Race has been used by antebellum period social scientists to refer to distinctions drawn from physical appearance (skin color, eye shape, physiognomy), and ethnicity was used to refer to distinctions based on national origin, language, religion, food, and other cultural markers. â€Å"Race has a quasi-biological status and among psychologists, the use of race terminology is hotly debated In the United States, race is also a socially defined, politically oppressive categorization scheme that individuals must negotiate while creating their identities. † (Frable, 1997) This suggests racial motivation impetus more of a political-cultural propensity rather than a religious motivated trait. All along, even during the slavery, Americans of African descent, have consistently had a high sense of religious significance. The Christian Movement probably had a dramatic effect on the personal identity more so than the reference group orientation of black people as whole. African decedents as a whole, during this period in history, was observed as a singled reference group type orientation that determine behavior depended greatly on Black Christian leadership. The calls for religious framework forces one to consider the how the leaders was portrayed in current media of the period, i. e. newspapers, paintings photos, etc. What clearly points to the very success of black Christian leadership during the Civil War is indicated by the way unity was exhibited during this time black social and political culture. Both free black leaders and the masses of Southern slaves who rebelled against their masters turned a white war into a battle over slavery and racial injustice with religion as the foundational argument for both sides of the issue. Slaverys destruction, ironically, removed a common focus of protest, and more importantly, enticed certain black elites to accept the liberal concept of changing American political culture through religion by trying to join it and reform it from within. The black Christian movements of the late 1800s was a significant single indicator of common social beliefs that may simply be related with other dimensions and intangibles not yet discovered or even recognized during this time. In brief, due to the impact of during this forty to fifty year span, Black Christian consciousness and awareness had become so pervasive throughout the black population that single item common-fate solidarity was adequate to capture a fully politicized sense of group consciousness. The history of African American Christianity is bound up with the history of American slavery. African Americans encountered Christianity in the context of enslavement, and it was as captives that they began the long process of making the gospel their own. The process varied across time and space and defies generalization or easy description. Sometimes conversion came quickly, in explosive moments of awakening; more often, it unfolded over generations, as Christian belief and practices insinuated themselves into slaves daily rounds. â€Å"In some settings, the new creed seems almost completely to have displaced older religions, which survived only in a handful of disembodied beliefs and rituals. In other places, Christian usages were grafted onto still vital African religious traditions, producing dynamic, richly religion philosophical creeds. Yet whatever the pace or pathway, slaves across the Americas were drawn into the dialectic of conversion, transforming the religion of their captors even as it transformed them. † (Campbell, 1995) Preceding Any War As the antebellum period began, America was approaching its golden anniversary as an independent political state, but it was not yet a nation. There was considerable disagreement among the residents of its many geographical sections concerning the exact limits of the relationship between the Federal government, the older states, and the individual citizen. In this regard, many factions invoked concepts of state sovereignty, centralized banking, nullification, popular sovereignty, secession, all-Americanism, or manifest destiny. However, the majority deemed republicanism, social pluralism, and constitutionalism the primary characteristics of antebellum America. Slavery, abolition, and the possibility of future disunion were considered secondary issues. The history and sociopolitical influence of the African-American church documents an interminable struggle for liberation against the exploitative forces of European domination. Although Black religion is predominantly Judeo-Christian, its essence is not simply white religion with a cosmetic face lift. Rather the quintessence of African-American spiritual mindedness is grounded in the social and political experience of Black people, and, although some over the years have acquiesced to the dominant order, many have voiced a passionate demand for freedom now. The history of the African-American church demonstrates that the institution has contributed four indispensable elements to the Black struggle for ideological emancipation, which include a self-sustaining culture, a structured community, a prophetic tradition, and a persuasive leadership. The church of slavery, which began in the mid-eighteenth century, started as an underground organization and developed to become a pulpit for radicals like Richard Allen, (discussed in detail) and the platform for revolutionaries like David Walker. For over one hundred ears, African slaves created their own unique and authentic religious culture that was parallel to, but not reflective of the slave-owners Christianity from which they borrowed. Meeting on the quiet as the invisible church, they created a self-preserving belief system by Africanizing European religion. Commenting on this experience, Alice Sewell, a former slave of Montgomery, Alabama, states, We used to slip off in de woods in de old slave days on Sunday evening way down in de swamps to sing and pray to our own liking (Simms, 1970, p. 263). During the late 1700s, when slavery was being dismantled in the North, free Black Methodists courageously separated from the patronizing control of the white denomination and established their own independent assemblies. This marked the genesis of African-American resistance as a nationally structured, mass-based movement. In 1787, Richard Allen, after suffering racist humiliation at Philadelphias St. George Methodist Episcopal Church, separated from the white congregation and led other Blacks, who had been similarly disgraced, to form the African Methodist Episcopal Church (A. M. E. ) in 1816. The new group flowered. By 1820 it numbered 4,000 in Philadelphia alone, while another 2,000 claimed membership in Baltimore. The church immediately spread as far west as Pittsburgh and as far south as Charleston as African-Americans organized to resist domination. Through community groups, they contributed political consciousness, economic direction, and moral discipline to the struggle for freedom in their local districts. Moreover, Black Methodists sponsored aid societies that provided loans, business advice, insurance, and a host of social services to their fellow-believers and the community at large. In sum the A. M. E. Churches functioned in concert to organize African-Americans throughout the country to protect them selves from exploitation and to ready them for political emancipation. Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World During this same period, David Walker exemplified the prophetic tradition of the Black church with his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, published between 1829 and 1830. Walker employed biblical language and Christian morality in creating anti-ruling class ideology: slaveholders were avaricious and unmerciful wretches who were guilty of perpetrating the most wretched, abject, and servile slavery in the world against Africans. To conclude, the church of the slave era contributed substantially to African-American social and political resistance. The invisible institution provided physical and psychological relief from the horrific conditions of servitude: within the confines of hush arbors, bonds people found unfamiliar dignity and a sense of self-esteem. Similarly, the A. M. E. congregations confronted white paternalism by organizing their people into units of resistance to fight collectively for social equality and political self-direction. And finally, the antebellum church did not only empower Blacks by structuring their communities; it also supplied them with individual political leaders. David Walker made two stellar contributions to the Black struggle for freedomhe both created and popularized anti-ruling class philosophy. He intrepidly broadcasted the conditional necessity of violence in abolishing slavery demanding to be heard by his suffering brethren and the American people and their children in both the North and the South. As churches grew in size and importance, the Black pastors role as community leader became supremely influential and unquestionably essential in the fight against Jim Crow. For instance, in 1906, when the city officials of Nashville, Tennessee, segregated the streetcars, R. H. Boyd, a prominent leader in the National Baptist Convention, organized a Black boycott against the system. He even went so far as to operate his own streetcar line at the height of the conflict. To Boyd and his constituents no setback was ever final, and the grace of God was irrefutability infinite. African Methodist Episcopal†¦Mark of Independence When Richard Allen was 17, he experienced a religious conversion that changed his life forever. (PBS, Allen) Even though born into slavery in Philadelphia in 1760, he became not only free but influential, a founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church and its first bishop. Allen, recognize as one of the first African-Americans to be emancipated during the Revolutionary Era, had to forge an identity for his people as well as for himself. Richard Allen Allowed by his repentant owner to buy his freedom, Allen earned a living sawing cordwood and driving a wagon during the Revolutionary War. After the war he furthered the Methodist cause by becoming a licensed exhorter, preaching to blacks and whites from New York to South Carolina. To reconcile his faith and his African-American identity, Allen decided to form his own congregation. He gathered a group of ten black Methodists and took over a blacksmiths shop in the increasingly black southern section of the city, converting it to the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church hence, the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Allen was chosen as the first bishop of the church, the first fully independent black denomination in America. He had succeeded in charting a separate religious identity for African-Americans. Although the Bethel Church opened in a ceremony led by Bishop Francis Asbury in July 1794, its tiny congregation worshiped separate from our white brethren. In 1807 the Bethel Church added an African Supplement to its articles of incorporation; in 1816 it won legal recognition as an independent church. In the same year Allen and representatives from four other black Methodist congregations (in Baltimore; Wilmington, Delaware; Salem, New Jersey; and Attleboro, Pennsylvania) met at the Bethel Church to organize a new denomination, the African Methodist Episcopal Church. To be noted, the white Methodists of the New York Conference resisted the move toward independence, but those of the Philadelphia Conference, in Richard Allens territory, gave a conditional blessing, an irony that must have galled the Bethelites (as Allens group was popularly known). Of the two black denominations, the Bethelites enjoyed greater growth and more stable leadership in the pre-Civil War decades. The Great Awakening The Great Awakening as a marker for a cultural and religious upheaval did not appear immediately, but in scholastic research on religion in the eighteenth century, the time reflects the complexity of attitudes toward, and consequences of, religious activity in the African American communities. Taken in total, the landscape of Black Christian images presented a vast picture, still incompletely realized, from the earlier and persistent view of a monolithic vision accepted by many. Possibly only to save a few rationalists or extremists could see a different scenario. After his own religious conversion, Richard joined the Methodist Society, began attending classes, and evangelized his friends and neighbors. Richard and his brothers attended classes every week and meetings every other Thursday. A. M. E. leaders began to use both written biographical materials and public commemorations of Allens life to instill a sense of history and tradition among the largely illiterate masses. Their complementary use of public commemorations and written accounts of Allens life during this period suggest a more general attempt among Black leaders to bridge the overlapping worlds of morality and literacy in order to establish a sense of tradition, an empowering historical memory, and a pantheon of Black heroes who might one day gain their rightful place in the national pantheon. (Conyers, 1999) Notwithstanding its name, the AME Church was clearly the most respectable and orthodox of black American independent churches. While some recognizably African elements surfaced in services, AME leaders tended to disdain if not actively to suppress those beliefs and practices that scholars today celebrate as signs of Africas persistence in the New World. The whole point of racial vindication was to demonstrate blacks capacity to uphold recognized standards in their personal and collective lives and thereby to hasten abolition and full inclusion in American society. Surely people interested in connections between black America and Africa should look elsewhere than the AME Church. Historically, the first separate denominations to be formed by African Americans in the United States were Methodist. The early black Methodist churches, conferences, and denominations were organized by free black people in the North in response to stultifying and demeaning conditions attending membership in the white-controlled Methodist Episcopal churches. This independent church movement of black Christians was the first effective stride toward freedom by African Americans. Unlike most sectarian movements, the initial impetus for black spiritual and ecclesiastical independence was not grounded in religious doctrine or polity, but in the offensiveness of racial segregation in the churches and the alarming inconsistencies between the teachings and the expressions of the faith. It was readily apparent that the white church had become a principal instrument of the political and social policies under girding slavery and the attendant degradation of the human spirit. In all fairness, without exception, Richard Allen embodied the assertive free-black culture that was maturing in the North by the 1830s. Despite criticisms of his domineering manner and personal ambition, Allen had attained by the time of his death in 1831, a position of respect among his people that was rivaled by very few of his contemporaries. Mother Bethel Church Via Allen’s single minded influence, the denomination reached the Pacific Coast in the early 1850’s with churches in Mother Bethel Church Stockton, Sacramento, San Francisco, and other places in California. Moreover, Bishop Morris Brown established the Canada Annual Conference. Remarkably, the slave states of Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, Louisiana, and, for a few years, South Carolina, became additional locations for AME congregations.

Causes and Solutions of World Poverty Essay -- Global Poverty Informat

Causes and Solutions of World Poverty Poverty is prevalent throughout the world around us. We watch television and see famous people begging us to sponsor a child for only ten dollars a month. We think in our own minds that ten dollars is only pocket change, but to those children and their families, that ten dollars is a large portion of their annual income. We see images of starving children in far away countries, and our hearts go out to them. But we really do not know the implications of poverty, why it exists, or even what we can do to help combat this giant problem in our world. What is poverty? Well, according to Webster's Third New International Dictionary, poverty is "lack of money or material possessions; poor." Two-thirds of the world's population fits this definition. I know that many times we think of being poor as not being able to buy the car we want or take the trip we can only dream about. However, being poor, living in poverty, hits a lot lower than that. For example, a resident of the country of Chad will only bring in $100 each year. Since many people can make more than that in one week, some in one day, can you imagine having the feed a family of five or six, or even a family of two, on only $100 a year? These are the conditions that exist in poverty-stricken countries. There are many reasons why poverty is an increasing problem. The first is delayed modernization. These less-developed countries barely have enough skilled workers and managers and technology. Industrialized countries have four times as many managers and workers as the less-developed countries, also known as LDC's. It is almost impossible for the lower-developed countries to catch up or even compete with the industrialized countries.... ...he second way to attempt to decrease the population is through increased active family planning programs. Especially in poor countries, it is a lot harder for women just to jump into the work force, and even harder for a poor country to become industrialized. For example, in Bangladesh, one of the world's poorest countries, birth rates have decreased from seven children per family to only 5.5. This is largely because forty percent of Bangladesh's woman now take part in some form of family planning. The New International Economic Order, known as the NIEO, has also taken steps to decrease the amount of poverty in the world and hopefully eliminate the large gap between the rich and the poor in the world. Through individual, national, and global aid, we can take steps to decrease the overwhelming amount of poverty in less-developed countries and even in our own lands.

Ms Darcy vs Big Car Company Essay

In the case of Ms. Darcy vs. Big Car Company, I agree with the judge’s decision. Ms. Darcy did prove that Clarence was in fact her supervisor; Mr. Clarence’s behavior did constitute as sexual harassment towards Ms. Darcy, and was put into a hostile work environment while around Mr. Clarence, his supervisors, and the treatment after making a complaint to HR. As a juror, I would find that Clarence was a supervisor. That his actions were sexual harassment, and there was a hostile work environment. Clarence did have the authority to assign team members to tasks and monitored their activity. He was able to get whomever he wanted to work on his team, if he requested them. There is also the fact that one of the senior supervisors telling Ms. Darcy, â€Å"What Clarence wants, Clarence gets.† Mr. Clarence’s behavior of vulgar, lewd, and sexual gestures with his hands and tongue was sexual harassment. His actions of propositioning her in a sexually graphic language, asking if â€Å"she ever had a man’s finger up her butt, forcibly trying to kiss and invite her to have sex with him,† are all seen as objectively offensive for any reasonable person. Mr. Clarence’s actions of rubbing his body up against hers either throughout the day or every day is frequent enough to be sexual harassment. Ms. Darcy was put into a hostile work environment when she went to Clarence’s supervisor to tell him that she was uncomfortable with his behavior, but was laughed at, and told that is just Clarence’s behavior. The demotion and put into a dirty work station that would only get closer to Clarence’s work station for coming forward could also be seen as hostile. The fact that Clarence would use the â€Å"f† word while making suggestive moves, saying the turning him away only turns him on even more, and grabbing her ponytail can all be viewed as threatening and hostile. The Judge’s and my decision did prove that Clarence was Ms. Darcy’s supervisor, his actions were sexual harassment, and Ms. Darcy was put into a hostile work environment.

Competitive Sport teach us about life Essay

Competitive Sport an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment and victory. As the report of the World Sports Encyclopedia (2003) indicated that there are around 8000 kinds of sport in the whole world. By this, football, basketball, baseball, and volleyball are good examples for expressing more understanding on competitive sport. In each sports, even though leading to play not only by different ways or structures but also by different rules, its purpose of teaching about life to people is similar to one another. Moreover, all of the results from sport can influence people in many ways such as physical, mental and emotional. However, exactly all these results contain its own not only advantage but disadvantage as well. Learning to work as team, Learning to handle with the failure, and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. is the main point that people should be consider on carefully. As the same thing, some noticeable disadvantages which strongly against with competitive sport are getting injury, wasting too much time, and gambling illegally. In sport, teamwork is an important part that requires collaborative effort on the part of a group of people who acting as a team to achieve the same goal, and emerge as a champion. As a team, teamwork isn’t an easy thing that you can do it alone. Obstacles as conflict among the teammates or unequal can affect the team’s performance. Teammates need to connect with each other well to give a good performance. As the observation from 40 university students of Dr. Nick Holt, a professor of Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation at the University of Alberta, showed that we can target three life skills such as confidence, leadership, and teamwork from sport. Moreover, teamwork itself reinforced the idea that sport can provide an educational context for acquiring life skills and highlighted interactions with key social agents are crucial components of how people learn life skills through their involvement in sport. In group, however, sometimes there will have one person who acts individuals to create a good performance alone while other may be passively committed. If it has to be a real competition, the person who is passively committed can make a group not in a high level of competition, also in the circumstance that the group in running behind of the score can cause the team lose the opportunity to win the game. Under the situation like these, people who are actively committed  might try to think the best strategy to compete with the opposite team while those who are passively committed may be giving up already. So, to give a good performance during the competition, teamwork is really important and people who can lead the ream well would be learnt that the success of the individual isn’t important as that of the team. Teamwork can teach them humility and selflessness, also will teach them to work with each other well if want to achieve a common goal. Sports are often used as a metaph or for life. It means that in sport you have to train and work hard to success, so do for life. In short, if you want to achieve something, you have to work your butt-off to get that thing just like you want to win the competition in sport. The harder you work the more you will be rewarded. Competitive sports teach us how to get success in life by using your failure. As we can see in competitive sports, there are winners and losers. In some case, you win the games; you celebrate well-deserved wins with your teammates happily. However, in some cases you lose; you might get upset and frustrated or sometime you happen to dread every competition and you start to fear your opponent as well. Basically, Failure is absolutely necessary for success. It’s like that hot and cold type of thing; one would never know exactly what hot is without cold. So the first thing you should do is to accept the gift of failure with a positive way because those failures are a reality of life and it can be your experience to help you grow more powerful. The more experience you get, the more you want to challenge with your opponent. Most successful people will tell you, the moments that affected them the most, the ones that they will never f orgot, were the ones where they failed because in those moments you realize exactly what you are made of. According to National Basketball Association, Micheal Jorden, a greatest basketball player, is a successful player who never let his failure stop him from playing the game he likes the most. The reason why he becomes a successful player is that he always embraces setbacks and failures as fuel and motivation. In high school, he was cut from the team as sophomore but he didn’t get upset or frustrated at all, yet he used that as fuel and trained intensely. He became a popular player in his team as the result. The quote he made is â€Å"I’ve missed more than 9000 shots in my career. I’ve lost almost 300 games. 26 times, I’ve been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why  I succeed.† The same is true in life; we’ll need to use these failures to help you refocus your energy on how to win those competitions next time. Although having taught many considerable lesso ns to one’s life, sport has several disadvantages influencing one’s life as well. In this case, there is a question that â€Å"why don’t adult people like their kids to play football?†. First of all, Physical Injury is the main problem they have realized so far. According to the statistic from the National SAFE KIDS Campaign and the American Academy of Pediatrics in the United State of America indicated that there are about 30 million children and teenagers participate in any sports, and more than 3.5 million of them injuries each year. By far, the most common injuries are sprains and strains. Moreover most of the injuries occurred as a result of falls, being struck by an object, collisions, and overexertion during unorganized or informal sports activities. Unfortunately, if the injury was serious, it can be influenced to one’s future because of this physical injury. For example, one of my friends likes to play football so much, but one day he got an accident with his leg. After having checked on his leg for two months, the doctor said that that leg couldn’t cure forever and my friend cannot do any activities with his leg anymore even walking. Secondly, wasting too much time with sport is the noticeable point to consider as well. By football, it will keep the kids from other activities such as social gatherings, communication activities and many others. Furthermore, for students, it will keep them away from learning activities such as reading book, doing homework, and researching. Finally, illegal gambling in sport is also the one of serious concerns such as gambling in football. During the FIFA WORLD CUP fever, we saw many illegal gambling in football has increased rapidly in Cambodia. As reported by The Cambodia Daily Newspaper published on June, 18th 2014 showed that many illegal World Cup betting centers are took place at the crowded cafà © and give out the betting slip. For this result, many teenagers can know how to bet the football match well, so they will try it because of money. Instead, if they lose the gambling, they will find more money to try it again and again that why it can cause many crimes because of their illegal activities. Depending on the Newspaper above added that many kinds of crimes have increased since there has been the betting on FIFA World Cup 2014. Moreover, not only do the losers commit the crime in the society but they  also steal their parents’ money or selling something such motor, laptop and mobile phone for betting the match again. In short, sport have also taught several negative effects to one’s life foll owing by getting injury, wasting time, and gambling illegally. In conclusion, Competitive Sport provides us many useful lessons of life though its own advantage and disadvantage. Instead, to avoid disadvantage of that, before performing that sport, you have to realize deeply and carefully that it will cause the problem for you or not. Although competitive sport has amount of disadvantage which we need to consider, I strongly convince that competitive sport should be performed by every people, especially for the kids and teenagers, because of its most valuable advantage. To support this, I can say that if you yourself play competitive sport, you will taste the way to be a valuable person through learning the necessary advantage of connection between life and sport. So that, there is a quote which say that â€Å"The more sport you play, the more lesson you get†.

A History of United Nations Missions in Africa

A History of United Nations Missions in Africa The United Nations (UN) conducts a number of peacekeeping missions throughout the world. Beginning in 1960, the UN began missions in various countries in Africa. While just one mission occurred through the 1990s, turmoil in Africa escalated and the majority of missions were run from 1989 on. Many of these peacekeeping missions were the result of civil wars or ongoing conflicts in African countries, including Angola, the Congo, Liberia, Somalia, and Rwanda. Some of the missions were brief while others lasted years at a time. To confound things, some missions replaced previous ones as tensions in the countries escalated or the political climate changed. This period is one of the most dynamic and violent in modern African history and its important to review the missions that the UN carried out. ONUC -  UN Operations in the Congo Mission Dates: July 1960 through June 1964Context: Independence from Belgium and the attempted secession of the Katanga province Outcome:  Prime Minister  Patrice Lumumba  was assassinated, at which point the mission was expanded. The Congo retained the secessionist province of Katanga and the mission was followed by civilian aid. UNAVEM I -  UN Angola Verification Mission Mission Dates:  January 1989 through May 1991Context:  Angolas lengthy civil war Outcome:  Cuban troops were withdrawn one month ahead of schedule, having completed their mission. The mission was followed by UNAVEM II (1991) and UNAVEM III (1995). UNTAG  -  UN Transition Assistance Group Mission Dates:  April 1990 through March 1990Context:  Angolan Civil War and Namibias transition to independence from South Africa Outcome:  South African troops departed Angola. Elections were held and a new constitution approved. Namibia joined the UN. UNAVEM II  -  UN Angola Verification Mission II Mission Dates:  May 1991 through February 1995Context:  Angolan Civil War Outcome:  Elections were held in 1991, but the results were rejected and violence escalated. The mission transitioned to UNAVEM III. UNOSOM I  -  UN Operation in Somalia I Mission Dates:  April 1992 through March 1993Context:  Somali Civil  War Outcome:  The violence in Somalia continued to escalate, making it difficult for UNOSOM I to deliver relief aid. The United States created a second operation, the Unified Task Force (UNITAF), to help UNOSOM I protect and distribute humanitarian aid. In 1993, the UN created UNOSOM II to replace both UNOSOM I and UNITAF. ONUMOZ  -  UN Operations in Mozambique Mission Dates:  December  1992 through December 1994Context:  Conclusion of the Civil War in Mozambique Outcome:  The ceasefire was successful. Mozambiques then government and the major rivals (Mozambican Nation Resistance, or RENAMO) demobilized troops. Those people who were displaced during the war were resettled and elections were held. UNOSOM II  -  UN Operation in Somalia II Mission Dates:  March 1993 through March 1995Context:  Somali Civil War Outcome:  After the Battle of Mogadishu in October 1993, the United States and several Western countries withdrew their troops from UNOSOM II. The UN voted to withdraw UN troops from Somalia after having failed to establish a ceasefire or disarmament. UNOMUR  -  UN Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda Mission Dates:  June 1993 through September 1994Context:  Fighting between the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF, based in Uganda) and the Rwandan Government Outcome:  The Observer Mission encountered many difficulties in monitoring the border. These were  due to the terrain and the competing Rwandan and Ugandan factions. After the Rwandan genocide, the missions mandate came to an end and it was not renewed. The mission was succeeded instead by UNAMIR, which had already begun its operations in 1993.   UNOMIL  -  UN Observer Mission in Liberia Mission Dates:  September 1993  through September 1997Context:  The First Liberian Civil War Outcome:  UNOMIL was designed to support ongoing efforts by the  Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)  to bring an end to the Liberian Civil War and ensure fair elections. In 1997, elections were held and the mission terminated. The United Nations established a Peacebuilding Support Office in Liberia. Within a few years, the Second Liberian Civil War had broken out. UNAMIR -  UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda Mission Dates:  October 1993  through March 1996Context:  Rwandan Civil War between the RPF and the Rwandan government Outcome:  Due to the restrictive rules of engagement and an unwillingness from Western governments to risk troops in Rwanda, the mission did little to stop the Rwandan genocide (April through June 1994).   Afterward, UNAMIR did  distribute and ensure humanitarian aid. However, the failure to intervene in the genocide overshadows these significant although belated efforts. UNASOG  -  UN Aouzou Strip Observation Group Mission Dates:  May 1994 through June 1994Context:  Conclusion of the territorial dispute (1973-1994) between Chad and Libya over the Aouzou Strip. Outcome:  Both governments signed a declaration agreeing that Libyan troops and the administration had been withdrawn as previously agreed upon. UNAVEM III  -  UN Angola Verification Mission III Mission Dates:  February 1995 through June 1997Context:  Angolas Civil War Outcome:  A government was formed by the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), but all parties continued to import arms. The situation also deteriorated with the involvement of Angola in the Congo Conflict. The mission was followed by MONUA. MONUA  -  UN Observer Mission in Angola Mission Dates:  June 1997 through February 1999Context:  Angolas Civil War Outcome:  Fighting in the civil war resumed and the UN withdrew its troops. At the same time, the UN urged a continuation of humanitarian aid. MINURCA -  UN Mission in the Central African Republic Mission Dates:  April 1998 through February 2000Context:  Signing of the Bangui Accord between rebel forces and the Central African Republics government Outcome:  Dialogue between the parties continued and the peace was maintained. Elections were held in 1999 after several previous attempts. The UN mission withdrew. MINURCA was followed by a UN Peacebuilding Support Office in the Central African Republic. UNOMSIL  -  UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leone Mission Dates:  July 1998 through October 1999Context:  Sierra Leones Civil War (1991-2002) Outcome:  The combatants signed the controversial Lome Peace Agreement. The UN authorized a new mission, UNAMSIL, to replace UNOMSIL. UNAMSIL  -  UN Mission in Sierra Leone Mission Dates:  October 1999 through December 2005Context:  Sierra Leones Civil War (1991-2002) Outcome:  The mission was expanded three times in 2000 and 2001 as the fighting continued. The war ended in December 2002 and  UNAMSIL troops were slowly withdrawn. The mission was followed by the UN Integrated Office for Sierra Leone. This was created to consolidate the peace in Sierra Leone. MONUC  -  UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Mission Dates:  November 1999  through May 2010Context:  Conclusion of the  First Congo War   Outcome:  The Second Congo War began in 1998 when Rwanda invaded. It officially ended in 2002, but fighting by various rebel groups continued. In 2010, MONUC was criticized for not intervening to stop mass rapes near one of its stations. The Mission was renamed the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. UNMEE -  UN Observer Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea Mission Dates:  June 2000  through July 2008Context:  A ceasefire signed by Ethiopia and Eritrea in their ongoing border dispute. Outcome:  The mission was ended after Eritrea imposed numerous restrictions that prevented an effective operation. MINUCI  -  UN Operation in  Cà ´te dIvoire Mission Dates:  May 2003 through April 2004Context:  Failed implementation of the  Linas-Marcoussis Agreement, which was to end the ongoing conflict in the country. Outcome:  MINUCI was replaced by the UN Operation in Cà ´te dIvoire (UNOCI). UNOCI is ongoing and continues to protect the people in the country and aid the government in disarmament and demobilization of former combatants. ONUB -  UN Operation in  Burundi Mission Dates:  May  2004 through December 2006Context:  Burundian Civil War Outcome:  The missions goal was to restore peace in Burundi and help establish a unified government. Pierre Nkurunziza was sworn in as President of Burundi in August 2005.  Twelve years of midnight-to-dawn curfews were finally lifted on the people of Burundi. MINURCAT -  UN Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad Mission Dates:  September  2007 through December 2010Context:  Ongoing violence in Darfur, eastern Chad, and northeastern Central African Republic Outcome:  The concern for civilian safety amidst activities by armed groups in the region prompted the mission. By the end of the mission, the government of Chad pledged that they would retain responsibility for protecting its citizens. After the termination of the mission, the UN Integrated Peacebuilding Office in the Central African Republic continued efforts to protect the people.   UNMIS  -  UN Mission in Sudan Mission Dates:  March 2005 through July 2011Context:  End of the Second Sudanese Civil War and signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) Outcome:  The CPA between the Sudanese government and the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement (SPLM) was signed, but it did not bring immediate peace. In 2007, the two groups came to another agreement and Northern Sudanese troops withdrew from Southern Sudan.   In July 2011, the Republic of South Sudan was formed as an independent country. The mission was replaced by UN Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) to continue the peace process and protect civilians. This started immediately and, as of 2017, the mission continues. Sources: United Nations Peacekeeping.  Past Peacekeeping Operations.

Product Sales Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Product Sales Issue - Essay Example For instance, Atkinson (2005) suggests utilizing inter-office communication tools such as e-mail to distribute the basic agenda of the business meeting. CEOs and other management officials are under increasing pressure to multi-task and exceed performance expectations, making the pre-meeting communication an important method of illustrating respect for management time schedules and to allow the group to pre-determine any questions they may wish to ask. Such an electronic agenda communication could show a brief outline highlighting a potential sales issue so that the leadership team is aware that this topic will be included as part of the meeting. The purpose of this pre-meeting communication is to avoid CEO perceptions of wasted time and link strategy with customer-related issues. The communication does not necessarily have to outline the details of the problem. During the meeting, at the point where widget issues are at the top of the agenda, no blame should be placed on specific individuals in the business but only highlighting that it has come to the CSD manager’s attention that the business faces a sales and short-term strategic problem. Placing blame in communications such as these only make attendees resistant to further communications and they may reject any suggested plans if the attendees feel they are being singled out without appropriate evidence (Landy & Conte, 2006). The purpose of the meeting is to identify business issues, not determine who is responsible at the current time. One specific course of action recommended would include a risk assessment of the areas of business involved in widget sales (production, quality control, sales/marketing and shipping). As the CSD manager, I would bring highlighted portions of company policy which illustrates procedural activities and suggest areas of potential risk where oversight or quality control procedures might be absent. How can

Giving tips about how to play soccer well Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Giving tips about how to play soccer well - Essay Example The Korean government has always invested a lot into the soccer industry because it is a good way to unite the nation. As far as playing soccer is concerned, it apparently seems to be very easy to play. I, however, guarantee you that when you go to the field to play soccer, it is not going to be that simple as you imagine. Therefore, I have decided to share some tips with you so as to train you to better play soccer. First of all, let me introduce the sport. Soccer is played between two 11-player teams. The players try to get points by kicking the ball, passing, shooting, heading, all by using their body except hands. To play soccer, the basic elements needed include a spherical ball, teammates, opponents, ground marked with boundaries and goals opposite each other. The teams must know all soccer rules. Readers! Do not worry, here come the tips. The first thing to remember is that there should be always appropriate form of clothing to play soccer. Have you ever gone to a dance party with your night suit on? Or, have you ever seen the bride wearing a lousy T-shirt and a pajama? Most probably, you have not (or have you?) Similarly, to play soccer, you must have proper clothes and safety gear. You need to have the clothes that the wind can easily go through because you will sweat like a pig when you are on the field. You need soccer shoes not only to prevent you from slipping on a grass field, but also to help you kick the ball more powerfully and accurately. This gear will assist you to improve your athletic ability. Glasses are not the recommended gear because you can get hurt if the ball hits your face. It can give you a serious wound, like the one I received last weekend. Oh! It still hurts. I wish I had never thought of the idea of having those glasses on! It can happen to anybod y so you should be aware of this beforehand. Remember that you play sports to have fun and not to get hurt. Now, you